Carbon Capture

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 Carbon capture, also known as carbon capture and storage (CCS), is a technology designed to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) released into the atmosphere from industrial processes and power generation.  

1. Capture: CO₂ is separated from gases produced in electricity generation and industrial processes (like cement or steel production). This can be done in three main ways:

· Pre-combustion capture: CO₂ is removed before the fuel is burned.

· Post-combustion capture: CO₂ is removed from the exhaust gases after burning.

· Oxy-fuel combustion: Fuel is burned in oxygen instead of air, producing a gas that is mostly CO₂ and water vapor, making it easier to separate.

2. Transport: The captured CO₂ is compressed and transported—usually via pipelines—to a storage site.

3. Storage: The CO₂ is injected deep underground into rock formations, such as depleted oil and gas fields or deep saline aquifers, where it is stored permanently.

🌍 Why It Matters

· Climate Change Mitigation: CCS can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, helping to meet climate targets.

· Industrial Decarbonization: It’s one of the few technologies that can tackle emissions from heavy industries.

· Negative Emissions: When combined with bioenergy (called BECCS), it can remove CO₂ from the atmosphere.

Here's a presentation-ready diagram of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) process with more technical detail:

🏭 1. Reducing Industrial Emissions

CCS is especially useful in hard-to-decarbonize industries such as:

· Cement production

· Steel manufacturing

· Chemical processing These industries produce CO₂ as part of their core processes, so CCS helps capture it before it reaches the atmosphere.

⚡ 2. Cleaner Power Generation

In fossil fuel power plants (coal or natural gas), CCS captures CO₂ from flue gases. This allows continued use of fossil fuels while significantly reducing emissions.

🌱 3. Negative Emissions with Bioenergy (BECCS)

When combined with bioenergy (burning biomass for energy), CCS can result in net-negative emissions. Plants absorb CO₂ as they grow, and when burned for energy, the CO₂ is captured and stored—effectively removing CO₂ from the atmosphere.

🛢️ 4. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

Captured CO₂ is sometimes injected into oil fields to increase oil recovery. This has been a commercial use of CO₂ for decades and can help fund CCS infrastructure.

🧪 5. Hydrogen Production

In blue hydrogen production (from natural gas), CCS is used to capture the CO₂ byproduct, making hydrogen a cleaner fuel.

  1. Reducing Industrial Emissions – Captures CO₂ from cement, steel, and chemical industries.

2. Cleaner Power Generation – Reduces emissions from fossil fuel power plants.

3. Negative Emissions with BECCS – Achieves net-negative emissions by combining CCS with bioenergy.

4. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) – Uses captured CO₂ to extract more oil from reservoirs.

5. Hydrogen Production – Makes blue hydrogen cleaner by capturing CO₂ byproducts.

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